【主谓一致知识点总结】在英语语法中,主谓一致是一个非常基础但又容易出错的规则。它指的是句子中的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上要保持一致。掌握好这一规则,不仅有助于提高写作的准确性,还能让语言表达更加自然流畅。
一、基本概念
主谓一致的核心在于:主语是单数,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数,谓语动词用复数形式。
例如:
- The student is reading a book.(学生正在读书。)
- The students are reading books.(学生们正在读书。)
二、常见的主谓一致情况
1. 单数主语 + 单数动词
- The teacher teaches English.
- A cat is sleeping on the sofa.
2. 复数主语 + 复数动词
- The teachers teach English.
- The cats are sleeping on the sofas.
3. 不可数名词作主语时,动词用单数
- Water is important for life.
- Milk is good for health.
4. 集合名词作主语时,视情况而定
集合名词如 family, team, group, class 等,有时候当作整体看待,用单数动词;有时候强调其中的成员,用复数动词。
- The team is winning the match.(强调整个团队)
- The team are arguing among themselves.(强调队员之间的分歧)
5. 由“and”连接的两个主语,通常用复数动词
- Tom and Mary are coming to the party.
但如果两个主语指的是同一个人或同一事物,则用单数动词:
- The writer and poet is giving a lecture.(指同一个人)
6. “Either...or...” 和 “Neither...nor...” 结构
在这种结构中,动词的单复数取决于最靠近动词的那个主语。
- Either the teacher or the students are responsible.(靠近动词的是“students”,复数)
- Neither the students nor the teacher is to blame.(靠近动词的是“teacher”,单数)
7. “There be”句型中的主谓一致
在“There be”句型中,动词“be”的形式由后面的主语决定。
- There is a book on the table.
- There are some books on the table.
8. 以“s”结尾的名词不一定是复数
有些以“s”结尾的名词实际上是单数,比如 news, maths, physics 等,此时动词用单数。
- Maths is difficult for me.
- News is always interesting.
9. 量词短语作主语时的处理
像 a lot of, plenty of, most of, a number of 这类短语作主语时,动词的单复数取决于其后的名词。
- A lot of time is wasted.(time 是不可数,单数)
- A lot of people are waiting.(people 是复数)
三、易混淆点
1. Some of the students are absent.
→ “some of the students” 是复数,所以用复数动词。
2. The majority of the people are in favor.
→ “the majority of the people” 是复数,动词用复数。
3. The number of students is increasing.
→ “the number” 是单数,动词用单数。
4. A number of students are absent.
→ “a number of” 后接复数名词,动词用复数。
四、小结
主谓一致虽然看似简单,但在实际运用中却常常让人感到困惑。关键在于:
- 分清主语的单复数;
- 注意特殊名词和结构;
- 根据上下文判断主语是否为整体或个体。
通过不断练习和积累,就能逐渐掌握这一重要的语法点,提升英语表达的准确性和地道性。